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[关键词] 盐水,等渗;甘露醇;血浆渗透浓度;电介质
[摘要] 目的 比较3%高渗盐水(HTS)和20%甘露醇(M)对择期颅脑手术病人血浆渗透压和电介质的影响。方法 择期行大脑半球胶质瘤切除术病人40例,男23例,女17例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,HTS组和M组(n=20),两组均行静吸复合麻醉,异氟醚呼气末浓度达1MAC后,在15min内输注等渗透剂量3%HTS (5.33ml/kg)或20%甘露醇(1g/kg )。在输注前即刻(T0)、输注后即刻、输注后5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min(T1~T7)检测并记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),同时采取5ml左侧桡动脉血测定血球压积、血浆Na+、 K+、Cl-、PH、血浆渗透压。结果 两组各时点MAP和HR变化无统计学意义;与T0比较,两组血浆渗透压在T1~T7升高(P<0.05),在T1达高峰( HTS组: 305mOsm /kg ;M组:304 mOsm/kg), HTS组T1~T7血浆Na+ 和Cl-浓度升高,(P<0.05),血浆Na+在T1达高峰(152 mEq/kg), M组T1~T7血浆Na+浓度降低(P<0.05),在T1达低谷(130mEq/kg);两组T1~T7血浆K+浓度降低(P<0.05),但均在正常范围内。结论 在择期神经外科手术中使用5.49mOsm/kg的3%HTS 和20%甘露醇均引起血浆渗透浓度的上升,并在输注结输束达最高值;3%HTS引起血Na+和血Cl-上升,20%甘露醇引起血Na+下降。
Effects of equiosmolar load of 3% saline and 20% mannitol
on plasma osmolarity and plasma concentrations of electrolytes
Chenjiayao,Wangxinhua.Department of Anesthesiology,Oriental Hospital,Shanghai 200120,China
[Abstract] Objectives NaCl 3% (HTS) and mannitol 20% (M) are hypertonic solutions used in-patient in hypovolaemic shock and in case of increased ICP. To our knowledge no study in humans compared them in an equiosmolar load. The objectives of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of both solutions in an equiosmolar load in terms of osmolarity and electrolytes over time.Methods Fourty ASA I and II pat免费论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.net】ients undergoing selected neurosurgery under general anesthesia were involved.Tow groups were studied (groups HTS and M), each receiving an equiosmolar load (5.49 mOsm kg-1 ) of solutions of saline 3% or mannitol 20% over 15 minutes. Vital parameters (invasive blood pressure, heart rate) were monitored and blood samples (hematocrit,Na + ,Cl–,PH,osmolarity) were assessed preoperatively and at times 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after perfusion.Results In both hypertonic groups, osmolarity was maximal at the end of infusion (group HTS: 305mOsm /kg ;group M:304 mOsm/kg); at the same time, Na + value was lowest in group M: 130mEq/l and highest in group HTS: 152 mEq/kg. Haemodynamic parameters were similar in the 2 groups . Na + and Cl – was higher in the HTS group.Conclusion A single infusion of 5.49mOsm kg –1 of NaCl3% or mannitol 20% induces a similar osmolar variation over time with a maximal effect at the end of infusion.
[Key words] saline salution, hypertonic;Mannitol;osmolarity ;electrolytes
目前,输注高渗液体是常用的治疗颅内高压和脑水肿的方法,其中最常用的是20%甘露醇【1】。自从二十世纪八十年代起,小剂量容量复苏的概念被引入休克和创伤领域后,HTS不仅在创伤休克领域被大量应用,而且在控制颅内压方面也占有了一席之地【2,3】。HTS主要通过建立一有效的血管内外渗透梯度,导致水从细胞内和细胞间向血管内的净流动,从而达到快速恢复血管内生理平衡和脑组织脱水的作用。关于HTS与甘露醇对血浆渗透浓度和电介质影响的比较研究均为动物实验结果,本文报道此方面临床研究结果。
资 料 与方 法
一般资料与分组 本研究在经复旦大学医学院伦理委员会审批、病人知情的情况下进行。选择大脑半球胶质瘤择期行开颅肿瘤切除术病人40例,男23例,女17例, ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,3%HTS组(HTS组
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