摘　要: 语篇衔接分为结构衔接和非结构衔接两种。衔接手段分为词汇衔接和语法衔接两种。本文运用代写硕士毕业论文韩礼德和哈桑的衔接理论,以范文的形式,对语篇衔接的机制与手法予以探讨。
关键词: 语篇; 衔接; 词汇; 语法；毕业论文范文；代写硕士论文

1.　衔接理论
在语篇分析领域,对衔接的研究一般认为是以韩礼德和哈桑的Cohesion in English衔接理论的创立为标志的。韩礼德和哈桑认为,语篇有一个谋篇机制,其作用就是把一组句子组成语篇,将上下文联系起来,也就是说,衔接就是把 上下文联系起来的机制[1]。在Language, Context and Text中,他们把衔接分为结构衔接和非结构衔接两种,把衔接的意义和范围扩大到了实现谋篇意义的结构之间的关系[2]。我国语言学家胡壮麟先生在其《语篇的衔接与连贯》一书中,提出了语篇衔接与连贯的多层次思想,进一步发展了语篇衔接的理论[3]。张德禄先生则对语篇连贯的条件、衔接机制的范围及其与语篇连贯的关系进行了探讨,加深了对语篇衔接的研究[4]。
语 篇衔接理论最直接的应用是语言教学和语篇分析。它有助于学生根据衔接纽带在语篇形成的网络中了解语篇发展的脉络,认识语篇的整体意义和微观联系,可在听、 说、读、写教学中广泛应用。而且语篇衔接理论还可以应用于对比语言学和翻译理论实践中,以及文体学研究、社会语言学和心理语言学研究、跨文化交际研究中的语篇理解研究等。

2.　语篇的衔接手法
按照韩礼德和哈桑的划分,衔接手段分为词汇衔接和语法衔接两种。
例文:Once upon a time there was a little princess who was good at whistling.“Don 't whistle,”said her mother.“Dont' whistle,”said her father, but the child was good at it and went on whistling. Years went by and she became a women. By this time she whistled beautifully. Her parents grieved.“What man will marry a whistling woman?”said her mother dolefully.“Well”, said her father,“we will have to make the best of it. I will offer half my kingdom and the princess in marriage to any man who can beather whistling.”The kings' offer was duly proclaimed, and soon the palace was jammed with suitors whistling. It was very noisy. Most were terrible and a few were good, but the princess was better and beat them easily. The king was displeased, but the princess said,“Never mind, father. Now let me set a test and perhaps some goodwill come of it”Then she turned to the suitors,“Do you acknowledge that you were beaten fairly?”“No,”they all roared, all accept one,“we think it was magic or some sort of trick.”But one said,“Yes”.“Yes,”he said,“I was beaten fairly.”The princess smiled and turning to her father she pointed to this man.“If he will have me,”she said,“ I will marry him.”

2. 1　词汇衔接
2. 1. 1　重述　
有学者认为,韩礼德和哈桑所说的重述是一个比较宽泛的概念,他们更喜欢使用重复 (repetition)。重述是指同一词汇项目在一个语篇中的反复出现,而每一次再现和它初次出现时所表达的含义是完全等量的。例如, father、mother在例文中有两次出现,第二次出现时,其所指的仍是上文中相同的人物。词汇的重复是语义的重复,重复具有的衔接功能不容置疑,因 为同一语言成分多次出现,在内容上总是有所关联,无论是对已经出现的事物或对话题进行重述,还是提供某种信息,都能对语篇的前后衔接发挥作用。再看例文的 第二和第三句:“Don 't whistle,”said Her mother.“Don 't whistle,”said her father, but the child was good at it and went on whistling.这里不仅有词汇重复,还有结构上的重复,这种现象叫结构图像(structural iconicity)[5]。这是因为,这一结构的第二次使用是对第一次使用的再现。例文中,重复使用相同的结构反映了父亲和母亲在“吹笛”这一问题上的 一致意见,与下文公主“依然吹笛”形成对比,使语义的衔接性得以增强。

2. 1. 2　同义和反义　
同义是指在同一语言内部,两个或两个以上的词具有相同的概念意义。同义可以取代重复来表达衔接。例文中 father和king指同一个人,在这里用king而不用father是为了交代father的其他角色以及他和故事中其他人物的关系。king和 father出现在不同的句子里,起到了将两个不同成分从意义上联系起来的作用,这就是同义词的跨句衔接。若同义词出现在同一句子里,则称之为句内衔接。 如“Someone who is infantile behaves in a foolish and childish way.”中, infantile和foolish及childish就属于这种现象。从修辞的角度看,同义可以避免重复,防止单调,为语篇的风格增色。但用同义词做衔 接时,必须充分考虑读者的理解能力,否则容易造成信息传递失败[5]。
反义词在同一句子或语篇中出现,其基本功能是使两个不同的语言成分在意义上形成明显的对照,从正反两个方面对某个事物或现象进 本论文由无忧论文网www.51lunwen.net整理提供（仅供参考），如需转载，请注明出处。